Use the formula: moles = mass ÷ molar mass
Measure the mass of the substance in grams
Find the molar mass in g/mol from the periodic table
Divide the mass by the molar mass
Use the formula: moles = number of particles ÷ Avogadro’s constant
Use Avogadro’s constant as 6.02 × 10^23 particles per mole
Divide the number of particles by 6.02 × 10^23
Use the formula: moles = volume ÷ molar volume for gases
Use molar volume as 24 dm^3/mol at room temperature and pressure
Divide the gas volume in dm^3 by 24
Use the formula: moles = concentration × volume for solutions
Measure concentration in mol/dm^3
Measure volume in dm^3
Multiply concentration by volume