Use the formula `=IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)`
Example: `=IF(A1>10,”Yes”,”No”)`
Use `=IF(A1=”Yes”,1,0)` for text-based conditions
Use `=IF(AND(A1>10,B1<5),"Pass","Fail")` for multiple conditions
Use `=IF(OR(A1>10,B1<5),"Pass","Fail")` if any condition can be true
Use nested IF: `=IF(A1>90,”A”,IF(A1>80,”B”,”C”))`
Use `=IFERROR(formula, value_if_error)` to handle errors
Use `=IFS(condition1, result1, condition2, result2, TRUE, default_result)` for multiple conditions
Use `=IF(A1=””, “Blank”, “Not Blank”)` to check empty cells