Choose the oven type: wood-fired, gas-fired, or electric
Select a safe outdoor location with a level, nonflammable base
Check local building codes and permit requirements
Gather materials: fire bricks, refractory mortar, concrete, insulation, steel reinforcement, chimney parts, and exterior finish materials
Design the oven size, dome shape, door size, and chimney placement
Build a strong concrete foundation and slab
Construct a stable base or stand
Install insulation under the cooking floor
Lay the fire brick cooking floor in a tight, level pattern
Build the oven dome or vault using fire bricks and refractory mortar
Leave an opening for the oven door
Install the chimney and flue
Add insulation around the dome and under the floor
Apply an outer shell or enclosure for protection
Let all mortar and concrete cure fully
Dry the oven slowly with small fires
Increase fire size gradually over several days
Test heat retention and cooking performance
Finish with a weatherproof exterior and safe surrounding surface