Scrub the rust off with a stiff wire brush or steel wool
Wash the pan with hot water and dish soap; rinse thoroughly
Dry completely with a towel, then heat on low heat for 5–10 minutes to evaporate remaining moisture
If rust remains, repeat scrubbing and drying
For heavy rust: soak 1–2 hours in white vinegar, then scrub and rinse well
For heavy rust (alternative): make a baking soda paste (baking soda + water), scrub, then rinse and dry
For light rust: use a rust eraser or fine steel wool, then wash, rinse, and dry
If you used vinegar: neutralize by scrubbing with baking soda and water, then rinse and dry
Re-season immediately:
Apply a thin layer of neutral oil or shortening (inside and outside)
Bake upside down at 450–500°F (232–260°C) for 1 hour
Turn off heat and cool in the oven
Repeat 1–2 more times if needed