Sign in to the same Apple ID on both devices
Turn on iCloud on the iPhone
Turn on iCloud on the iPad
Enable the same sync options on both devices
Go to Settings
Tap your name
Tap iCloud
Turn on the apps and data you want to sync
Turn on Photos if you want pictures synced
Turn on Contacts if you want contacts synced
Turn on Calendar if you want calendar events synced
Turn on Notes if you want notes synced
Turn on Reminders if you want reminders synced
Turn on iCloud Drive if you want files synced
Turn on Messages in iCloud if you want messages synced
Turn on Safari if you want bookmarks and tabs synced
Turn on Keychain if you want passwords synced
Connect both devices to Wi-Fi
Keep both devices charged
Wait for sync to complete
Use AirDrop for one-time file transfers
Use Finder on a Mac or iTunes on a PC for backups and restores
Use Quick Start to set up the iPad from the iPhone
Restore the iPad from an iCloud backup if needed