Stop activity immediately and rest
Avoid driving, alcohol, recreational drugs, and sedating medications unless prescribed
Have a responsible adult monitor symptoms for the first 24 hours
Use a light, gradual return to normal daily activities as symptoms allow
Avoid sports, exercise, and heavy physical activity until cleared by a clinician
Limit screen time and bright lights if they worsen symptoms
Avoid tasks that worsen symptoms (schoolwork, video games, reading) and take breaks as needed
Use acetaminophen for pain if needed
Avoid NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin) for the first 24 hours unless a clinician advises otherwise
Stay hydrated and eat regular, balanced meals
Sleep is important; do not force staying awake
If symptoms worsen, rest more and contact a clinician promptly
Seek urgent medical care immediately for any red flags:
Worsening or severe headache
Repeated vomiting
Increasing confusion, agitation, or unusual behavior
Fainting, seizure, or loss of consciousness that persists
Weakness, numbness, trouble walking, or worsening dizziness
Slurred speech, vision changes, or unequal pupils
Neck pain or suspected spine injury
Symptoms that are getting worse over time
Bleeding from the ears or nose
Inability to wake up or increasing drowsiness
Contact a healthcare professional for guidance on evaluation and return-to-activity, especially for children, teens, older adults, or if symptoms last more than a few days
Follow a stepwise return-to-learn and return-to-play plan only when symptom-free and cleared by a clinician