Check the drive’s SMART status using built-in tools or manufacturer software
Run a disk health scan with Windows CHKDSK, macOS Disk Utility, or Linux fsck
Use vendor tools such as CrystalDiskInfo, SeaTools, WD Dashboard, or Samsung Magician
Look for unusual noises like clicking, grinding, or repeated spinning
Watch for slow boot times, frequent freezes, or file access delays
Check for bad sectors or reallocated sectors in SMART attributes
Monitor for unexpected crashes, corrupted files, or read/write errors
Verify available free space and keep it from getting too full
Run a full surface test or extended diagnostic test
Back up important data regularly and replace the drive if health warnings appear