Rinse the great northern beans and pick out any debris
Soak the beans in plenty of water for 8 to 12 hours, or use a quick-soak method by boiling for 2 minutes and resting for 1 hour
Drain and rinse the soaked beans
Place the beans in a large pot and cover with fresh water by 2 to 3 inches
Add salt, onion, garlic, bay leaf, or other seasonings if desired
Bring the pot to a boil over medium-high heat
Reduce the heat to low and simmer gently
Skim off any foam that rises to the surface
Cook until the beans are tender, usually 1 to 2 hours depending on soaking and freshness
Stir occasionally and add more water if needed to keep the beans covered
Taste for doneness and season as needed
Drain the beans if desired, or keep them in their cooking liquid for soups and stews
Serve hot or use in recipes such as soups, casseroles, and salads