Apply a cold compress or ice pack for 10–20 minutes at a time, several times in the first 24–48 hours
Rest the injured area and avoid activities that worsen pain or swelling
Keep the area elevated when possible for the first 24–48 hours
After 48 hours, use a warm compress 10–20 minutes, 3–4 times daily
Gently move the area as tolerated to prevent stiffness
Consider topical arnica or heparinoid products if available and appropriate for you
Use over-the-counter pain relief as needed (acetaminophen or ibuprofen if you can take them safely)
Avoid aspirin for bruising unless your clinician advises it
Stay hydrated and eat adequate protein and vitamin C
Massage gently only after the first 48 hours if it doesn’t increase pain
Seek medical care urgently if the bruise is from significant trauma, rapidly expanding, very painful, associated with severe swelling, numbness, weakness, or trouble moving the area
Seek medical care if bruises appear frequently without clear injury, are unusually large, or you have bleeding elsewhere
Seek medical care if the bruise is not improving after about 2 weeks