Rinse with warm salt water (1/2 teaspoon salt in a cup of warm water) several times daily
Use over-the-counter pain relief gels or liquids containing benzocaine or lidocaine
Apply protective pastes or gels (e.g., hyaluronic acid or protective ulcer coatings)
Take over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen as directed
Avoid spicy, acidic, salty, or rough foods (citrus, tomatoes, vinegar, chips)
Avoid alcohol-based mouthwashes; use gentle, alcohol-free options
Keep the mouth clean with a soft toothbrush and gentle brushing/flossing
Use a straw for drinks and avoid hot beverages if they worsen pain
Try topical corticosteroids prescribed by a clinician for persistent or severe cases
Consider prescription antimicrobial mouth rinses if recommended by a clinician
Seek urgent care if you have trouble swallowing, severe swelling, fever, or dehydration
Seek medical/dental care if ulcers last longer than 2 weeks, recur frequently, are very large, or you have a weakened immune system
Check for triggers such as biting trauma, braces, stress, and certain foods; adjust as needed
If you suspect herpes cold sores (clusters, outside lip sores), use appropriate antiviral treatment promptly if prescribed