Increase running or jumping volume too quickly
Train on hard surfaces frequently
Wear worn-out or unsupportive shoes
Have tight calf muscles
Have weak lower-leg muscles
Overpronate while walking or running
Use poor running form
Start a new high-impact exercise routine
Do repeated impact activities without enough rest
Run downhill often
Have flat feet or high arches
Carry extra body weight during impact exercise
Return to sport too soon after a break or injury