See a doctor promptly to confirm the type of fistula and rule out infection or abscess
Follow prescribed antibiotics exactly if an infection is present
Keep the area clean and dry
Use warm sitz baths if advised by a clinician
Manage underlying conditions such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, diabetes, or infection
Avoid constipation by drinking enough water and eating fiber if appropriate
Use stool softeners only if recommended by a clinician
Avoid straining during bowel movements
Stop smoking
Maintain good nutrition and adequate protein intake
Control blood sugar if you have diabetes
Use wound care or drainage pads as directed by a healthcare professional
Avoid inserting anything into the fistula opening
Seek medical review if there is fever, worsening pain, swelling, foul drainage, or bleeding
Understand that many fistulas do not heal completely without surgery and need specialist treatment