Choose the wall location and measure the length, height, and thickness
Check local building codes and get any required permits
Gather materials: stones, gravel, sand, mortar or dry-stack supplies, string line, stakes, level, tape measure, shovel, tamper, trowel, and safety gear
Mark the wall outline with stakes and string
Excavate a trench below frost depth if required
Level and compact the trench bottom
Add and compact a gravel base
Set the first course of stones on the base
Keep the first course level and aligned
Build up the wall course by course
Stagger vertical joints between stones
Use larger, flatter stones for lower courses
Fill gaps with smaller stones or mortar
Check plumb, level, and alignment frequently
Cut or shape stones as needed for a tighter fit
Install drainage behind the wall if it is a retaining wall
Backfill in layers and compact as you build
Finish the top course with cap stones
Clean excess mortar from the stone surface
Let mortar cure if used
Inspect the wall for stability and make final adjustments