Soak the stone in water if it is a water stone, or apply oil if it is an oil stone
Place the stone on a stable, non-slip surface
Hold the knife or tool at the correct angle
Start with the coarse side if the edge is very dull or damaged
Move the blade across the stone in smooth, controlled strokes
Maintain the same angle throughout each stroke
Apply light, even pressure
Sharpen both sides of the blade evenly
Use the finer side of the stone to refine the edge
Check for a burr along the edge
Remove the burr with lighter alternating strokes
Rinse or wipe the blade clean
Clean the stone after use
Let the stone dry completely before storing it