Identify and treat the underlying cause with a clinician
Test for and eradicate Helicobacter pylori if present
Stop or reduce NSAIDs and other stomach-irritating medicines if medically appropriate
Avoid alcohol
Stop smoking and vaping
Limit or avoid caffeine if it worsens symptoms
Avoid spicy, acidic, fried, and highly processed foods if they trigger symptoms
Eat smaller, more frequent meals
Do not lie down immediately after eating
Manage stress and sleep regularly
Use acid-reducing medicines only as prescribed
Take medications exactly as directed and complete the full course when needed
Treat bile reflux or autoimmune causes if diagnosed
Correct iron, vitamin B12, or other deficiencies if present
Follow up if symptoms persist, recur, or worsen
Seek urgent care for black stools, vomiting blood, severe pain, fainting, or unexplained weight loss