Drink more water throughout the day
Increase fiber intake with foods like fruits, vegetables, beans, lentils, oats, and whole grains
Add fiber gradually to avoid gas and bloating
Consider fiber supplements such as psyllium (follow label directions)
Stay physically active with regular walking or exercise
Use scheduled bathroom time, preferably after meals
Don’t ignore the urge to have a bowel movement
Try a stool softener if needed (e.g., docusate) according to label directions
Consider an osmotic laxative such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) per label directions
Consider an osmotic option like lactulose if appropriate
Use a stimulant laxative (e.g., senna or bisacodyl) short-term if needed, following label directions
If stools are hard, consider a glycerin suppository for short-term relief
Avoid frequent use of stimulant laxatives unless advised by a clinician
Limit foods that can worsen constipation (e.g., excessive cheese, processed foods, low-fiber diets)
Review medications that may cause constipation (e.g., opioids, iron supplements, some antidepressants) with a clinician
Seek urgent care if there is severe belly pain, vomiting, fever, blood in stool, or a swollen/distended abdomen
Contact a clinician if constipation lasts more than 1–2 weeks, is recurrent, or there is unexplained weight loss
For children, follow pediatric guidance for dosing and treatment