Wash and soak 1 cup rice for 15 to 20 minutes
Heat 2 tablespoons oil or ghee in a pressure cooker
Add 1 teaspoon cumin seeds
Add 1 bay leaf, 2 cloves, 2 cardamoms, and 1 small cinnamon stick
Add 1 sliced onion and sauté until light golden
Add 1 teaspoon ginger garlic paste and sauté briefly
Add chopped vegetables or meat if using
Add 1 chopped tomato and cook for 1 to 2 minutes
Add salt, turmeric, and pulao spices as needed
Add drained rice and gently mix
Add 1.5 to 2 cups water depending on rice type
Close the cooker lid and cook for 1 whistle on medium heat
Turn off the heat and let the pressure release naturally
Open the cooker and fluff the pulao with a fork
Serve hot