Yawn, swallow, or chew gum during takeoff and landing
Stay awake during ascent and descent
Use the Valsalva maneuver gently: pinch your nose, close your mouth, and blow softly
Use the Toynbee maneuver: pinch your nose and swallow
Keep your ears clear if you have a cold, allergies, or sinus congestion before flying
Use a decongestant or antihistamine only if appropriate and approved by your doctor
Use saline nasal spray before the flight if your nose is congested
Avoid sleeping during descent if you are prone to ear pain
Drink water to stay hydrated
Wear filtered earplugs designed for flying
Choose a seat over the wing if you prefer a steadier ride
Descend pressure gradually by equalizing your ears often
Do not fly if you have a severe ear infection or recent ear surgery unless cleared by a doctor
Seek medical advice if ear pain is frequent or severe