Daily broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30–50+, reapplied every 2 hours outdoors
Use tinted sunscreen with iron oxides for visible light protection
Avoid sun exposure, tanning beds, and heat triggers
Wear wide-brim hats and protective clothing
Stop or avoid hormonal triggers when possible, after medical advice
Use topical hydroquinone as prescribed
Use topical azelaic acid
Use topical retinoids at night if tolerated
Use topical tranexamic acid if prescribed
Use combination depigmenting creams under medical supervision
Consider chemical peels performed by a dermatologist
Consider laser or light-based treatments only with specialist guidance
Treat underlying thyroid or hormonal issues if present
Maintain a gentle skincare routine
Avoid harsh scrubs and irritating products
Continue maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence
Consult a dermatologist for persistent or severe melasma