Cut stems at a 45-degree angle with sharp scissors or a knife
Re-cut stems every 1–3 days
Remove leaves that would sit below the waterline
Use clean vases and fresh water
Change water every 1–3 days
Add flower food if available, following the packet directions
If no flower food: add 1 tsp sugar and 1/4 tsp bleach per quart (liter) of water
Keep blooms hydrated immediately after purchase (trim and place in water right away)
Keep flowers in a cool spot away from direct sun, heat vents, and fireplaces
Avoid placing near fruit, where ethylene can speed aging
Keep stems submerged and water level consistent
Refresh water after any wilting and re-trim stems
Use an appropriate vase size so stems fit without being crowded
Separate flowers that release lots of ethylene (if possible)
For long-lasting results, use cool room temperatures and refrigerate overnight if needed
Remove spent blooms promptly to reduce decay and bacterial growth
For hardy stems (like carnations), split or crush the stem ends slightly before placing in water