Use an anvil with the damaged item and the matching material or another same item
Use a grindstone to remove enchantments and repair by combining items only indirectly
Combine two damaged items of the same type in a crafting grid or anvil
Use the Mending enchantment and gain XP to repair the item automatically
Use the item’s repair material on an anvil for tools, weapons, and armor
Repair elytra with phantom membranes in an anvil
Repair shields with planks in an anvil
Repair bows, fishing rods, and other stackable items by combining duplicates
Rename items in an anvil if needed while repairing
Keep in mind anvil repairs cost experience levels
Use a smithing table only for upgrading, not repairing
Use a crafting table only for unenchanted items and only when the recipe allows combining duplicates