Secure the hatchet head in a vise
Clean the blade with a cloth or wire brush
Mark the bevel with a marker
Use a flat file to follow the existing bevel
File from the cutting edge toward the body of the hatchet
Keep the same angle on each stroke
Work both sides if the edge is centered
Remove nicks and dull spots evenly
Finish with a sharpening stone or fine file
Hone the edge until it feels sharp and smooth
Wipe away metal filings
Apply a light coat of oil to prevent rust
Check the edge carefully before use
Store the hatchet with a blade cover