Secure the axe head in a vise
Clean the blade with a rag and remove rust or debris
Inspect the edge for nicks, chips, or damage
Mark the bevel with a marker if needed
Use a mill file to shape the edge at the original bevel angle
File from the heel to the center, then from the other side
Keep even pressure and consistent strokes
Check frequently to avoid removing too much metal
Switch to a sharpening stone or puck
Sharpen the edge with smooth, controlled strokes
Maintain the same angle on both sides
Remove the burr by alternating light strokes on each side
Finish with a fine stone or leather strop if desired
Wipe the blade clean and apply a light coat of oil
Store the axe safely with a blade guard or sheath