Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30 or higher daily
Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors
Wear hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing
Seek shade and avoid peak sun hours
Use topical vitamin C
Use niacinamide
Use azelaic acid
Use kojic acid
Use alpha arbutin
Use retinoids
Use hydroquinone only under medical supervision
Use tranexamic acid under medical supervision
Use chemical exfoliants such as glycolic acid or lactic acid
Avoid tanning beds and intentional sun exposure
Treat inflammation, acne, and skin irritation promptly
Avoid picking at skin and scars
Consult a dermatologist for persistent hyperpigmentation
Consider prescription treatments if over-the-counter options fail