Aminosalicylates, if prescribed
Corticosteroids for short-term flare control
Immunomodulators such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, or methotrexate
Biologic therapies such as anti-TNF agents, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, or risankizumab
JAK inhibitors or other targeted therapies if appropriate
Antibiotics for specific infections or complications
Nutritional therapy and vitamin/mineral supplementation
Smoking cessation
Low-residue or individualized diet during flares
Surgery for strictures, fistulas, abscesses, obstruction, or refractory disease
Regular monitoring with a gastroenterologist
Vaccinations and infection screening before immunosuppressive treatment
Pain management with clinician guidance
Treatment of complications such as anemia, dehydration, or osteoporosis