Prune in late winter or very early spring while the vine is dormant
Use clean, sharp pruning shears and loppers
Remove all dead, damaged, or diseased wood
Cut away weak, thin, or crowded shoots
Keep one or two strong main trunks or canes
Select a few healthy side canes to keep
Cut remaining canes back to 2 to 4 buds each
Remove old, unproductive wood near the base
Thin out excess growth to improve airflow and light
Make cuts just above a bud at a slight angle
Remove suckers growing from the base or roots
Tie remaining canes to a trellis or support
Dispose of pruned material properly
Avoid heavy pruning on very young vines unless training them
Repeat annual pruning to control size and improve fruiting