Start seeds indoors 8–10 weeks before the last expected frost
Use a seed-starting tray or small pots with drainage holes
Fill containers with a moist, sterile seed-starting mix
Plant seeds about 1/4 inch deep
Cover lightly with soil and gently firm the surface
Water lightly to keep the mix evenly moist, not soggy
Place containers in a warm spot, ideally 75–85°F
Use a heat mat if needed to maintain warmth
Provide bright light after germination, 12–16 hours daily
Keep seedlings near a sunny window or under grow lights
Thin to one strong seedling per cell or pot if needed
Transplant seedlings outdoors after all frost risk has passed
Harden off seedlings for 7–10 days before planting outside
Space plants 18–24 inches apart in full sun
Plant in well-draining soil enriched with compost
Water after transplanting and keep soil consistently moist
Mulch around plants to help retain moisture and reduce weeds