Rinse the sardines under cold water
Pat them dry with paper towels
Remove scales if needed
Cut off the head if desired
Open the belly and remove the guts
Rinse out the cavity thoroughly
Remove the backbone if desired
Trim the fins and tail if desired
Season with salt, pepper, and other preferred spices
Marinate if desired
Cook by grilling, baking, frying, broiling, or steaming
Serve immediately after cooking